Reciprocating rotary distributing pump



April 29, 1947. A. DREns'nN Erm. EAQZ RECIPROCATING ROTARY DISTRIBUTING PUMP Filed May 51, 1945 5 .sheets-sheet 1 .2z 4 2 l if y gsheets-sh-eet 2 ,ran ven-As;

April 29,1947. A.. DRElslN E'rm.

' Rrsclnoculue ROTARY DISTRIBUTING PUMP Filed May 31, 1945 Apr@ 29, w47.

A. DREISBN HAL, sa RECIPROCATING ROTARY DSTRIBUTING PUE? Filed may 31, 1945 s snems-sheei 5 Patented Apr. 29, 1947 S PATENT GFFICE 2,419,542 nnolraoca'rrNG Ro'rAnY DIs'ramU'rING PUMP Alexander Dreisln, Chicago, and Raymond E.

Peterson, Riverside, Ill., tional Harvester Company,

New Jersey assignors to Internaa corporation of Application May a1, 194s, semi No. 596,860

lol. a-f2) v 8 Claims.

l y This invention concerns pumps utilizable in fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, and more specifically relates to pumps of end of the cylinder the type employing a plunger reciprocated within i a rotating cylinder in such timed relation as to effect pressure strokes during registration of a cylinder outlet port with respectively different fuel delivery passages. 1

The general object of this invention is the provision of a unique and practicable plunger-controlled-port pump wherein the cylinder rotates synchronously with reciprocatlon oi the plunger to establish communication with fuel delivery the periphery of the Y This cam has four equally spaced channels in succession at intervals respectively coi existent with the pressure or fuel delivery strokes of the plunger.

A more comprehensive understanding of this general object, as well as ancillary objects and .the means of their attainment, can be had from the ensuing description with reference to the annexed drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a verticalsectional view taken cen`- y trally-through a fuel injection pump constructed according to the principles of this invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on vthe line 2--2 of Fig. l.. .1

Fig. 3-is a plan view of the pump. Y

Fig. 4 is a fragmentarysectional view taken upon the vertical plane indicated bythe lines 4-4 in Figs. 3 and l5.v 'I

Fig. 5 is a horizontal secticnalview taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4. y

Fig. 8 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 4. f

The pump herein disclosed embodying the preferred form of the invention, is of the single plunger type and is for delivering fuel to the combustion chambers of a four-cylinder engine.

A ceivcd through side of the casing by any drawn into a fuel charging zone I9 in the upper bore I1 through inlet and by pass port means 2| and expelled through an outlet port 22. The manner with which the fuel charging zone I9 is alternately charged with fuel and has the fuel expelled therefrom will be explained more fully hereinafter. Reciprocation of the plunger I8 is effected conventionally by the cooperation of a helical spring 23, a cam 24 on a pump drive shaft 25, and a cam follower structure 26 which includes a roller 21 which follows constantly rotating cam 24. lobes 28 of which the prole is illustrated in Fig. 2.

Power for driving the pump shaft 25 is rea flanged coupling member 29, Fig. '1,' which is there are four lobes on the cam 24, the cam follower 26 and the plunger i8 will be caused to make four complete reciprocal excursions for each revolution of the drive shaft. Pressure iiuctuations within thexcasing chamber 32 during reciprocation of the plunger are modulated by the movement of air ina breather passage 33 formed integrally with a cover plate 34 secured to the standard means.y Air entering the pressure passage 33 is filtered through a illter -device 35.

A power train for rotating the cylinder It comprises a worm gear 3B formed integrally with the shaft 25, a companion worm gear 31 keyed to a vertical shaft 38, Fig. 2, a gear 39 formed integrally with the upper e d of the shaft 88, and a gear 4l, Figs. 1, y2, and 4 driven by the gear 39 and formed integrally with the lower end of said cylinder. This power train drives the cylinder IB at the same speed as the drive shaft 25.

Referring to Fig.` 1, the casing II of the pump During n Consequently there are four complete reciprocal movements of the plunger i8 for each complete rotation ofthe cylinder I6.

As the cylinder IB rotates, the outlet port 22 therein is swept successively over fuel delivery or outlet passages 42, of which there are four,

Vwhich communicate with the casing bore l5 at equally spaced positions circumferentially of said bore. The upper ends of upwardly extending portions of the passages 42 are enlarged and threaded for the reception and connection of conduit coupling members 43. The arrangement of these coupling members 43 with respect to the cap keyed to said'shaft at 3l. Since andere screws it is illustrated in Fig. 3. Conduite (not shown) lead from the coupling members Bt to respective combustion chambers of the engine. Check valves generally designated M are contained in the coupling devices t3 to permit outward. flow of fuel through the passages i2 but to prevent fuel flow in the opposite direction from the aforesaid combustion-chamber-connecting conduits into said passages.

Fuel inlet means within the casing il comprises a circular cavity d5, Figs. 1 and 6, formed eccentrically with respect to the bore l5 for the cylinder i6. through diametrically opposite passages 56 under pressure from a primary pump (not shown).

Fuel is supplied'to the cavity d6' Threaded sections il at the outer ends of the advances far enough to cover these ports. Thereafter, upward advancement of the plunger compresses the fuel within the zone i9 and expels compressed fuel through the outlet port 22 which is so positioned upon the cylinder i5 .as to be then registered with one of the outlet passages: Consequently, the fuel expelled through L the outlet port 22 will flow outwardly of the pump through one of the passages Z2 and its associated 'alve to cause delivery of fuel to the l ed combustion chamber. In Figs. 1, e, and 6 there is illustrated on the side wall of the plunger a side wall cavity 138 constituting a bypass means successively cooperable with the'four inlet and oy-pass passage ports 2l for interrupting the discharge of fuel from the fuel charge zone lil through the outlet port 22. This side wall cavity du communicates with the fuel charge receiving zone ill through an l shaped passage which opens outwardly through the upper end or" the plunger. After the plunger it progresses a predetermined distance in its advancenient stroke, the leading or metering edge 5i of the cavity ed registers with and commences to establish by-pass communication with one of the ports 2l, so that thereafter the fuel will be expelled from the zone it through said port 2i instead of through the outlet port 22 which communicates with the combustion chamber.

The cavity i8 herein illustrated in Figs. l and 4 is formed upon the plunger by effecting a milling cut in such a manner as to dispose the metering edge El diagonally of the plunger axis. Thus by rotatively adjusting the plunger, the time at which the metering edge 5l registers with one of the ports 2l for terminating fuel injection can be varied. Rotational adjustment of the plunger isobtained conventionally by means of a. gear 52 carried rotatively in the casing coaxially of the plunger. The plunger is free to move endwise relatively to the gear 52, and the latter has a downwardly projecting sleeve-like portion 53 containing an axially extending slot 54 in which a projection 55 on the plunger slides. A rack R, Fig. 3, having gear teeth meshed with the teeth of the gear 52 is employed for controlling the rotational position of this gear and consequently through the agency of the slot 54 and the plunger projection 55 to likewise control the rotational position of the plunger and of the metering edge 5l of the side wall cavity 4'8.

The plunger le is illustrated at the mid-position of its rotational fuel control position. In this position the end 56, Fig. 6, of the metering edge -5i is in radial registry with the radial line associated with the notation mid-position. When the plunger is rotated counter-clockwise as viewed in Fig. 6, as indicated by the arrow associated with the notation fuel increase, such a. distance as to bring the end 5t of said metering edge into registration with the radial line having the notation maximum fuel associated therewith, the apparatus will be adjusted for the delivery of maximum fuel. By rotating the plunger counter-clockwise, a section of the metering edge spaced more distantly from the upper end of the plunger is positioned for rst arriving in registry ith one ofthe oy-pass ports 2l for edecting by-pass during the fuel delivery strokes of the plunger, to vthereby increase the time period of injection and correspondingly increase the quantity of injected fuel. .Ey rotating the plunger clockwise as viewed in the opposite edect is obtained of pla Ang a section of the metering edge El less dista' ly spaced from the upper end of the plunger rst arriving in registry with one ofthe by-pass ports 2i during injection strokes of the plunger. The minimum fuel adjustment within the operating range' for the engine is attained when the plunger is rotatively adjusted to bring the end 56 of said metering edgeinto radial registry with the radial line having the notation no fuel.

In further explaining the operation ofthe pump, the sequential functioning of the parts will be related during the cycle of one-quarter of the drive shaft 25, which cycle isiust ready to commence as the parts are illustrated in the drawings. Such cycle of operation occurs while the cam lobe28 shown to the right of the cam follower roller 2l', Fig, 2, passes beneath such roller for ultimate arrival at the position in which the lobe 23 to the left of said roller is shown. As the parts are shown in the drawings, the plunger i8 is at its lower limit of retractive moven ment whereby the by-pass ports 2| are uncovered and fuel is rushed into the zone I9 through said ports. As the pump drive shaft 25 and the cam 26 rotate counter-clockwise as viewed in Fig. 2, the cam lobe to the right of the roller 2l will first commence to raise this .roller and the plunger for advancing the latter upwardly. When the roller Z'ihas ascended a short distance up the leading profile of this cam lobe, the' advancing stroke of the plunger i8 will haveprogressed far enough to cause the plunger to cover' the bypass ports 2l and trap the fuel charge within the zone i9. Meanwhile, the power train including the gear pairs .3S- 31 and 39-4l will have rotated the cylinder I6 somewhat clockwise of the position shown in Figs. 5 and 6 to carry the outer enlarged end of the outlet port 22, Fig. 5,

. into communication with outlet passage 32, which it is shown to be approaching, and to carry the by-pass port 2l shown at position b toward the position c. As the plunger continues to rise and aS said by-pass port moves toward the position c, and at which time the outlet port 22, Fig. 5, has alreadyreached registration with the next adjacent outlet passage ft2, the fuel will be forced outwardly through said port 22 into said channel 42., This expelling action through the port 22 and said channel l2 prevails until the plunger rises sufficiently far to carry the metering edge 5| into partial registration with the by-pass port l which is then between the positions b and c, whereupon the expelling of fuel through the port 22 ceases and by-pass occurs downwardly through the L-shaped plunger passage 49, the plunger cavity d3, and the said port 2l' into the fuel inlet cavity 55. When the cam lobe under discussion is moved an amount corresponding to forty-ve degrees rotation of the drive shaft 25 to place the apex of this lobe beneath the follower roller 2l, whereby the advancement stroke of the plunger is complete, the port 2l under discussion will arrive in registry with the line c in Fig. 6, whereas the outlet port 22 in Fig. 5 will have just passed over the outlet passage d2 under discussion shown adjacently thereto in Fig, 5. During the succeeding forty-five degrees of drive shaft rotation, the spring 23 by keeping the cam follower roller 2li in contactfwith the descending prole of said cam lobe, will cause the plunger to effect its retraction stroke for returning it to the position illustrated in the drawings. Attendant to this additional forty-five degree rotation of the drive shaft pursuant to which the cam lobe under discussion is moved forward to the position of the cam lobe 28 shown just to the left of the roller 21 in Fig. 2, the power :train driving the rotatable cylinder i5 imparts an additional forty-ve degree rotation Ato this cylinder to place the outlet port 22, Fig. 5, in the same relation to the outlet passage 42 second ahead thereof as this port occupies with respect to theport shown adjacently thereto in Fig. 5, and such additional forty-five degree rotation of the rcylinder carries the by-pass port 2i, yunder discussion, into the position occupied by the port' nearest to the posin tion c in the clockwise direction therefrom. A new charge will have entered the fuel charging zone i9 through the ports 2l, and a new cycle is ready to commence. The-only difference between the operation of the device in this succeeding cycle is that the outlet port Zwill register with the outlet passage @f2 in the second position therefrom, as illustrated in Fig. 5, in the clockwise direction during the injection stroke instead of with the outlet passage 52 in the position nearest to said port in the clockwise direction. Of course, a succeeding cam lobe cooperates with the cam follower roller 2l in effecting movement of the plunger in this succeeding cycle. Since the plunger is caused -to make four complete reciprocal movements for each revolution of the cylinder IG, the outlet port 22 of the cylinder successively registers with the outlet passages (i2, Fig. 5, during the successive injection strokes of the plunger, to properly sequentially supply fuel to the combustion chambers of the engine with which the pump is cooperable.

Attention is directed to an arcuate sealing means in the form of a curved cylinder surface 5l, Fig. 6, formed upon a side wall of the casing cavity [l5 for cooperation with the outer periphery of the cylinder i6 in sealing the outer ends of the by-pass ports 2i as theyl approach the position for cooperation with the by-pass Vcavity 48 of the plunger. The purpose of this sealing surface 5l is to prevent premature cooperation of the ports 2l with said plunger cavity. By way of illustration, if the plunger were rotated to the maximum fuel position illustrated in Fig. 6',- the fuel metering edge 5i would be in position for registering with the port 2l approaching the position a as well as the port 2i approaching the position c, and since the slope of said diagonal edge 'i effect such advancement strokes of the plunger` is such that its end 56 is nearer the upper end of the plunger than the oppOsite end of such metering edge, the port approaching the position a is uncovered prior to the port approaching the position c. However, the apparatus is designed for the metering edge 5l to cooperate with the bypass port 2l approaching the position c in determining the time of by-pass and the quantity of the fuel charge. Mis-operation of the device is prevented Jby providing the sealing surface 5l, which seals the outer end of the port approaching the position a, so that registration of the plunger cavity with this port is unconsequential. During the-injection stroke, the ports 2i other than those ports 2| respectively approaching the positions a and c remain covered at their inner ends by the cylindrical periphery of the plunger, and it is the purpose of the additional sealing means 5l', which slidingly engages the outer periphery of the cylinder` I6, to supplement the said cylindrical periphery of the'plunger in cov ering the by-pass ports while they are out of the position for intended registration with the cavity of the advancing plunger. face 5l provides an expedient making it possible to increase the number of by-pass ports 2l spaced circumferentially about the cylinder and correspondingly to increase the number of possible combustion chambers which the pump is capable of supplying with fuel.

Having thus described a preferred embodiment of the invention with the view of clearly illustrating the same, We claim:

1. In a fuel pump; a casing containing a cylinder-receiving bore, fuel inlet means at a seotion of `said bore and a plurality of fuel outlet passages communicating with said bore in circumferentially spaced relation thereabout and spaced axially of the bore from the fuel inlet means: a

cylinder in said bore, said cylinder having a set cylinder; a plunger reciprocable in the cylinder,

while the latter rotates relatively thereto, to

` charge said fuel charging zone through the inlet ports during retractive reciprocal strokes and to discharge the fuel charge from said zone through the outlet port during the intervening advancement strokes; means for reciprocating the plunger in timed relation with rotation of the cylinder to during respective registration of the outlet port with the outlet passages; and fuel v'oy-pass means on said vplunger to establish communication between the charging zone of the cylinder and successive of the'inlet ports during successive advancement strokes of the plunger following predetermined movement thereof in such advancement strokes.

2. In a fuel pump; a casing containing a cyllinder-receiving bore, fuel inlet means at a section of said bore and a plurality of fuel outlet passages communicating with said bore in circumferentially spaced relation thereabout and spaced axially of the bore from the fuel inlet means; a cylinder in said bore, said cylinder having inlet port means disposed for communication between said fuel inlet means and a fuel charging Sealing sur-` ing en outlet port for the fuel charging zone and spaced amally of such cylinder from the inlet port means and in position for successive registration with the outlet passages during rotation of advancement strokes; means for reciprocating y the plunger in timed relation with rotation of the cylinder to eect such advancement strokes ofthe plunger during respective registration of the outlet port with the outlet passages; and fuel by-pass means on said plunger to establish communication between the charging zone of the cylinder and the inlet port means during each advancement stroke oi the plunger following predetermined movement thereof in such advancement strokes.

3. In a fuel pump; a rotatable cylinder having a plurality of circumferentially-spaced by-pass ports, an outlet port and a fuel charging zone with which all of said ports are communicative; a plunger reciprocable in the cylinder, while the latter rotates relatively thereto. to charge said zone with fuel during retractive reciprocal strokes and to eject fuel of such charge from said zone through the outlet port during the intervening advancement strokes; said plunger being operable to cover all of said by-pass ports to prevent escape of the fuel charge therethrough during an initial portion of the advancement strokes. said plunger also having a side-wall cavity communicative with the fuel charging acne and occupying such a position on the plunger as to register with dierent of said oy-pass ports of the rotating Y cylinder during successive advancement strokes, to establish a by-pass condition for the fuel charging zone during an ensuing portion of such strokes.

4. The combination set forth in claim 3, wherein the plunger is rotatively adjustable and said ends and also having an outlet port communicaf tive with 'said zone; a plunger reciprocable in.` the cylinder, while the latter rotates relatively thereto, to charge said zone with fuel pursuant to retractive reciprocal strokes and to expel fuel of such charge from said zone through the outlet port during the intervening advancement strokes; said plunger being operable to cover at least one of said by-pass ports to prevent escape of the fuel charge therethrough during an initial portion of the advancement strokes, said plunger also having a side-wall cavity communicative with the fuel charging zone and occupying such a position on the plunger as to register with a different of said by-pass ports of the rotating cylinder during successive advancement strokes, to establish a by-pass condition for the fuel charging zone during an ensuing portion of such strokes, and sealing means slidingly engaging the outer periphery of said cylinder to supplement said plunger in covering the by-pass ports while they are out of position for intended registration with the cavity of the advancing plunger.

6. In a fuel pump; a rotatable cylinder ha a plurality of circumferentially-spaced radiallyextending by-pass ports communicative with a fuel charge zone of the cylinder at their inner ends and also having an outlet port communicative with said zone; a plunger reciprocable in the cylinder, while the latter rotates relatively thereto, to charge said zone with fuel pursuant to rctractive reciprocal strokes and to expel fuel of such charge from said zone through the outlet port during the intervening advancement strokes; means for covering said by-pass ports to prevent escape of the fuel charge therethrough during the advancement strokes, and cavity means in a side wall of the plunger, said cavity means being communicative with the fuel charging zone and occupying such a position on the plunger side wall as to register with a different one of said. by-pass por ts of the rotating cylinder during successive advancement strokes of the plunger.

7. In a fuel pump; a rotatable cylinder having a plurality of circumierentially-spaced radiallyextending by-pass ports communicative with e fuel charge zone of the cylinder at their inner ends and also having an outlet port communicative with said acne; a rotatively adjustable plunger reciprocable in the'cylinder, while the latter rotates relatively thereto, to charge said zone with fuel pursuant to retractive reciprocal strokes and to expel fuel of such charge from said zone through the outlet port during the intervening advancement strokes; the side wall of said plunger ioeing operable to cover and seal the by pass ports during the advancement strokes but having a side wall cavity which communicates with the fuel charge zone and which is registerable with the by-pass ports after predeternuii'iec'1 progress in the advancement strokes to cooperate therewith in thereupon interrupting election of the fuel charge, said cavity having a fuel control range wherein it is adjustable circumferentially of Athe plunger axis pursuant to rotational adjust,

ment of the plunger and the cylinder being rotatable in timed relation with the reciprocation of the plunger to successively present the by-pass ports in said range for individual cooperation with the plunger cavity during the advancement A strokes, said cavity having a leading meterini edge which first uncovers each lay-pass port when it is disposed for cooperation with said cavity and such metering edge being arranged diagonally of the plunger axis to cause variation in the advancement stroke progress preceding by-pass in accordance with rotative adjustment of the plunger, and sealing means disposed at `the outer periphery of said cylinder in radial registration with an end portion of said fuel control range to supplement the sealing function of the plunger side wall by covering and sealing the outer ends of by-pass ports adjacent to those presented for individualcooperation with the plunger cavity, when the circumferential spacing of said ports ie sulciently close for the adjacent ones thereof also to be uncovered by said cavity.

8. In a. fuel pump; a rotatable cylinder having a fuel charge zone, a plurality of circumferentially-spaced sidewall by-pass portsadjacently to one end of such zone and an outlet port communicating with said zone adjacently to the other end thereof; a plunger reciprocable in said cylinder to charge said zone with fuel during retraction strokes and to expel fuel of such charge through the outlet port during advancement strokes. said @ser covering said circumferentially-spaced ports while advanced from the retraction terminus v REFERENCES CITED of its strokes and having a' side'wau cavity com The followin references 'are of record in the municsting with said zone, said cavity being me of this mgmt:

disposed for registration with any of said by-pass ports when the plunger has progressed predeter- 5 UNITED STATES 'PATENTS minedly in its advancement stroke; and means for Number Name Date rotating the cylinder relatively to the plunger in 1,966,694 Vaudet et ai July 17, 1934 timed relation with reciprocating said plunger to 2,139,155 Gernandt Dec. 6, 1938 successively advance the by-pass ports into P081- 10 2,145,319 vogelei et ai Jan. 31, 1939 tion for registration with. the plunger cavity dur ing successive sdvancment strokes of the plunger. 

